International Day for Biological Diversity: Spotlight on Hong Kong Biodiversity

May 22nd each year is the International Day for Biological Diversity, designated by the United Nations. Let's take a look at the state of biodiversity in Hong Kong!

Hong Kong Biodiversity

Although Hong Kong is small in size, its geographical location, topography, diverse habitats and ecosystems, and the implementation of the extensive Country Park system, have provided homes to diverse species [1]. According to data from the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, over 3,300 species and varieties of vascular plants, more than 580 species of wild birds, over 130 species of dragonflies, 245 species of butterflies, 115 species of amphibians and reptiles, and 55 species of terrestrial mammals have been recorded in Hong Kong [2], showcasing the city’s remarkable biodiversity!

Threats and Conservation

While appreciating the rich biodiversity, we need to address the threats.

In March 2025, WWF Hong Kong, together with local wildlife conservation and education organisations and scholars, released reports ‘The State of Hong Kong Biodiversity 2025’ and ‘Hong Kong Terrestrial Biodiversity Hotspot Map 2025’ [1]. During the two-year study, the experts assessed 886 species of 8 major faunal groups, and found that 232 species (more than 25%) of them were facing a moderate to high risk of local extinction, mainly subject to factors including habitat loss and degradation, poaching, and invasive species and feral animals.

Experts pointed out that although some 40% of land area has been designated as Country Parks or Special Areas for conservation in Hong Kong, most lowland habitats, including fung shui woods, rivers and streams, freshwater marshes, and farmland, are not covered by the statutory protected areas. These vital habitats, which support species like wetland birds and freshwater fish, are under pressure from development and degradation.

The study also identified 27 terrestrial biodiversity hotspots with high ecological and conservation value that are outside the existing protected area system. It calls on urgent action in prioritising the protection and management of these threatened habitats to prevent further species loss.

Let’s take action!

As citizens, we could support biodiversity conservation through everyday actions, such as choosing eco-friendly products, reducing waste, avoiding harm to natural habitats and wildlife, and even taking part in conservation activities and policy advocacy. The government is now conducting a public consultation, open until mid-July 2025, on updates to the ‘Hong Kong Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan’ [3]. Whether you’re interested in learning about the background and current achievements of the Plan, or would like to share your views on the conservation policies, you are encouraged to read the consultation documents to stay engaged with this important issue for our shared future.